Elemental Cost Plan for Commercial Office Development Research Paper

Elemental Cost Plan for Commercial Office Development - Research Paper Example Total steel/ metal required is approximated to be around 300 kgs .This done taking into consideration that CPA is 951.6 sq.mtr .Labor cost is assumed to be 16 pounds/ sq.mtr for entire work. Equipment charges are assumed to be around 3000 pounds Material cost = 400 x 30=12000 pounds Labor charges = 16 x 951.6=15225.6 pounds Total cost = 12000 + 15225.6 +3000=30225.6 pounds Total masonry and concrete required per sq.mtr is assumed to be 0.6 kgs per sq.mtr. Labour charges for entire work are assumed to be around twice the material required. Material cost = 0.6 x 951.6 x (64 +5) =39,396 pounds Labor charges = 2 x 39396 = 78792 pounds Total cost = 39396 + 78792 =118188 pounds Total area to be insulated is approximately around 1000 sq m. This includes all external walls .The area is calculated from the available drawings. The rate of insulating material is taken 8 pounds /sq.mtr from the above table. Labor charges are taken to be around 4000 pounds for above project. Total cost = 8 x 1000 +4000=12000 pounds Total number of doors of ground floor = 32 No of doors on first floor =25 ... Insulation :- Total area to be insulated is approximately around 1000 sq m. This includes all external walls .The area is calculated from the available drawings. The rate of insulating material is taken 8 pounds /sq.mtr from the above table. Labor charges are taken to be around 4000 pounds for above project. Total cost = 8 x 1000 +4000=12000 pounds Doors and windows:- Total number of doors of ground floor = 32 No of doors on first floor =25 Number of windows = 53 Wood work rate is 114 pounds / sq mtr. Assuming 100 pounds are required to make one door and 100 pounds to make one window. These include material and labor charges. Total cost = 55 x 100 + 53 x 100 = 10,800 pounds. Exterior trim and finish:- Total exterior area is approximately 480 sq. mtr. Material rate is assumed to be 50 pounds/sq.mtr Labor rate is taken as 27 pounds / sq.mtr. Material cost = 480 x 50=24000 pounds Labor charges = 480x 27=12960 pounds Total cost = 24000 + 12960 =36960 pounds Gable roof rafters, Gable roof trusses, Gable roofing:-Total roof area is calculated and comes out to be 415 sq.mtr approximately. The rate is from the table is 37 pounds /per sq.mtr. pounds for gable roof rafters, roof trusses and roofing.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays: Civil Rights and Civil Wrongs :: Free Essay Writer

Civil Rights and Civil Wrongs in To Kill a Mockingbird In Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, the author uses the small town of Maycomb, Alabama as a forum for different views on civil rights. On a smaller scale, Lee uses the relationship between Scout, her aunt, her father, and her housekeeper, to show how racism affects everything. The question of civil rights plays out not only through the trial of Tom Robinson, but also through the everyday interaction between the Finch family and their housekeeper Calpurnia. In the process of growing up Scout must chose where she fits into the whole racial scheme, and her relationship with her housekeeper plays a crucial part in deciding this. Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, focuses on the maturation of a brother and sister in the "tired old town(Lee 3)" of Maycomb, Alabama, in the 1930à ­s. Maycomb, a classic southern town full of gossip, tradition and burdened with a legacy of racism, seems a strange place to stage a drama which encourages equal treatment and non prejudice. However, the narratorà ­s fresh outlook on the sleepy town furnishes the reader with a multitude of viewpoints on civil rights. The traditional Southern racism of Maycomb is looked at through the eyes of our young narrator, Scout Finch. Scoutà ­s innocent perspective compels her to ask questions about why whites treat blacks the way they do. These questions are crucial in Scoutà ­s search for her own identity. Scout must come to terms with the racism of her town and how it affects the people in her life. She must find her own position and what role she will play in the whole racial game. A number of people greatly influence Scout. The t wo major role models in her life, her Aunt Alexandria and her father Atticus, pull Scout in two opposing directions. Through their dealings with Calpurnia, the Finch's black housekeeper, both the reader and Scout are able to distinguish what path each individual wants Scout to follow. Brought into the Finch household to teach and act as a female role model for young Scout, Aunt Alexandra begins by demonstrating to Scout Calpurniaà ­s inferior position. For Aunt Alexandra, Calpurnia will not do as a role model for Scout. Aunt Alexandra from the beginning shows Scout who posses the power. "Put my bag in the front bedroom, Calpurnia,' was the first thing Aunt Alexandra said(Lee 127).

Organization Need People or People Need Organization Essay

With the increased globalization of markets, competition among market players has become more severe. In this competitive market, one of the most important factors is the achievement of customer satisfaction and excellence in service. Although the concept of customer satisfaction in customer oriented management is not new, the relationship between customers and corporations has been changing almost daily. Customers are becoming the absolute entity for corporations as the final decision makers for business deals and purchases of products. All organizations exist to serve a customer. Customers are real people, not account numbers or enterprise names. Because of this, customer buying decisions are very often made for emotional reasons. It is therefore most important to understand customers, their level of satisfaction, and their opinions of an enterprise, as well as their opinions of its competitors, if the enterprise is to grow and improve its market share. SWOT analysis can also play a role in understanding customers. Peter Drucker, the highly regarded management scholar and writer, stated, â€Å"The only valid definition of business purpose is to create a customer. † Successful organizations of the future will be those that can provide goods and services to the customers who want it, where they want it, and in the quantity and at the price they want it, thereby delighting rather than merely satisfying customers. Customer delight will lead to loyalty, which is one of the critical indicators used to measure the success of a marketing strategy. Services cannot, however, be performed without some form of relationship between the producer and the consumer and cannot be stored and retained for later use in the way typical of many tangible goods. Business corporations make efforts to create and provide their customers with higher value added, which consists of elements such as lower prices, additional benefits, and uniqueness in services. With rapid advances in information and communications technology, corporations can take advantage of the emerging IT systems to create infrastructure within the organization to improve responsiveness to customer needs and to track those needs, thereby improving customer satisfaction significantly. Top management should be aware of how to tap the power of IT to enhance customer services, resulting in better service quality and streamlining of processes. Here is an example where you can find that why customers are important for the existence of a company or organization EXAMPLE 1: Auto insurance companies require information about people who live with you Are car insurers allowed to require information about the people who live with you for your auto insurance policy? The very idea of an auto insurance company demanding such information from you may seem offensive. After all, what business is it of theirs, who lives in your house—particularly if you are the only person driving the insured car? Insurance companies must consider a variety of factors before determining the final price of your auto insurance policy. Remember that the insurance provider is not only insuring the price of the car, but also insuring the welfare and wellbeing of each passenger involved in a collision The insurance company will insist that anyone who lives in the same house, and who frequently or irregularly operates the same vehicle as an insured driver, must be accounted for on the policy and must take accountability as a second driver. Therefore, if a child becomes of legal age, then the insurance company will usually insist that he or she is officially added to the policy, unless they have their own separate policy. Does the insurance company have the right to ask about other drivers in your home? Definitely. The insurance company is trying to decide if they want to invest in your driving safety. Also bear in mind that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) requires insurance companies to ask for this information, as this shows the company to be a legitimate and licensed insurance provider. Since the insurance company is required to ask this question, they must be given an answer pertaining to all members of the immediate family, and their driving history. This information will help the company to assign a proper auto insurance rating, and will ultimately decide the amount of risk involved. Always answer this question truthfully. Though nobody enjoys invasive questioning, when it comes to insurance policies, these questions must be answered. After all, you as a primary motorist want to disclose any possible scenarios to the insurance company well in advance of a contract being signed. Whenever a surprise scenario occurs (something not listed on the policy) then it is usually not covered. Not truthfully answering questions is tantamount to misrepresentation. This will result in a denial of all claims and a cancellation of the policy. So you may easily conclude that why organization need people as customers. Let’s take one more example The marketing concept and philosophy is one of the simplest ideas in marketing, and at the same time, it is also one of the most important marketing philosophies. At its very core are the customer and his or her satisfaction. The marketing concept and philosophy states that the organization should strive to satisfy its customers’ wants and needs while meeting the organization’s goals. In simple terms, â€Å"the customer is king†. The implication of the marketing concept is very important for management. It is not something that the marketing department administers, nor is it the sole domain of the marketing department. Rather, it is adopted by the entire organization. From top management to the lowest levels and across all departments of the organization, it is a philosophy or way of doing business.

Jews Race And Religion - 786 Words

I did have a few questions that I was curious about that I wanted to ask Mr. D. As stated earlier, I wanted to know why he consider being Jewish as his race and religion. He stated that his parents taught him that at a young age that being Jewish was his race and religion. He did say that he know other races that are Jewish but it was kind of hard for him to accept that. Like I said before, Jewish people consider themselves as a family and according to Mr. D’s Jewish family, all of them where white. I can understand why he thinks the way he thinks about Jews as a race, I had to consider what time period his parents and Mr. D grew up in. Mr. D and his parents grew up in a time where races did not mixed with each other. So, it would be hard for Mr. D to see other races as Jews, because when he grew up everybody in the Jewish faith was white and his parents did not tell him any differently. I was curious about that because after reading Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz’s (2013) rea ding, I wanted to know why Mr. D consider it to be his race and religion. The reading states that Jews are not a race, but it is a religion. The article talked about how many other people of color believe in the Jewish faith and that anyone can believe in the faith. I just needed clarification to why Mr. D thought that. Another question I had for Mr. D was how he felt about stereotypes of Jewish people. In Nadal, Issa, Griffin, Hamit, and Lyons’s article, they discussed how there are multiple categories ofShow MoreRelatedJudaism : Race, Religion, Or Religion? Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesJudaism: Race, Religion, or Both If your religion is Judaism you will most definitely encounter an instance of someone claiming that Judaism is a race. While to practicing Jews Judaism is a religion, outsiders sometimes see it as something that is racial. Judaism is quite the conundrum, is it a race or is it a religion? 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